Weed Control J 2022; 21: e202200797

Research Article

Morphophysiological responses of wheat cultivars to the application of 2,4-D amine and choline salts

DOI: 10.7824/wcj.2022;21:00797

Abstract

Background

2,4-D is prepared in some formulations that may show differences in selectivity for cultures.

Objective

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of 2,4-D amine and choline salts on the morphophysiology of wheat cultivars.

Methods

The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme, with four replicates. In factor A, the control without herbicide, 2,4-D amine and choline were allocated, and in factor B, the wheat cultivars (ORS 1403, ORS Citrino, ORS Madre Pérola, TBIO Toruk, TBIO Energia, TBIO Audaz, TBIO Sonic and TBIO Sossego). At 7, 14 and 21 days after the application of the treatments (DAT), the phytotoxicity of the herbicides to wheat was evaluated. Internal CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and carboxylation were measured at 26 DAT. At 30 DAT, leaf area (AF) and shoot dry mass (DM) of wheat were determined.

Results

Phytotoxicity in wheat caused by 2,4-D salts was low, with choline salt having the least effect. The cultivar TBio Toruk showed better physiological performance after the application of 2,4-D amine. The cultivar TBIO Sonic showed no reduction in MS and AF accumulation when 2,4-D salts were applied. Both 2,4-D salts showed higher DM in the cultivars ORS 1403 and ORS Madre Pérola.

Conclusions

The 2,4-D amine and choline salts were selective for most of the evaluated wheat cultivars.